WASHINGTON - May 31 - Passions flared at the semiannual meeting of the USDA's National Organic Standards Board (
NOSB),
last week in Albuquerque, New Mexico, as the federal advisory panel
approved a number of synthetic ingredients for use in organics, over the
objection of the majority of industry participants.
The meeting came on the heels of the release of a report by an organic industry watchdog,
The Cornucopia Institute,
outlining corrupt practices in the constitution of the board and their
past approval processes. The NOSB, created by Congress, is legally
mandated to ensure that no substances are allowed in
organic foods that pose a threat to human health or the environment.
The most controversial material approved at the meeting was
carrageenan, a stabilizer and thickener synthesized from seaweed.
Carrageenan has been shown to trigger gastrointestinal inflammation,
which is known to cause serious intestinal disease, including cancer.
"Degraded carrageenan," which is present in all food-grade carrageenan,
is classified as a “possible human carcinogen” by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (WHO) and
the National Academy of Science in United States.
"If there was ever a poster child for an ingredient that has no
business being in organic food, or any food for that matter, it's
carrageenan," said Charlotte Vallaeys, Director of Farm and Food Policy
at Cornucopia.
In their report,
The Organic Watergate,
issued earlier in May, Cornucopia documented what they called "systemic
corruption" at the USDA that resulted in what was characterized as
biased technical reviews and approvals of synthetics for use in
organics. Their findings illustrated that the materials were being
evaluated by food scientists
working directly for corporate agribusiness and then approved by a body (the NOSB) illegally stacked with agribusiness representatives.
"The beauty of the law that was passed by Congress, the Organic Foods
Production Act of 1990 (OFPA), was that the majority of 15 NOSB seats
were reserved for farmers, consumer advocates, environmentalists and
others public interest representatives as a
balance
to corporate power," said Mark Kastel, The Cornucopia Institute’s
Codirector. "The law has been ignored and the organic chickens are now
coming home to roost—undermining the integrity of the organic label."
"The
Organic Trade Association
(OTA), an industry lobby group, and its powerful members, can now get
approval for virtually anything they want. It has turned the entire
regulatory process into a mockery," Kastel added.
The Cornucopia Institute, which is preparing to challenge the inappropriate board composition in federal court, also just filed
a formal complaint with the USDA's Office of Inspector General (
OIG), Ms. Phyllis Fong, asking her to investigate the organization’s allegations.
In their complaint, they used NOSB member Carmela Beck as an
example. Ms. Beck was appointed by USDA Sectary Tom Vilsack to serve on
one of the seats reserved for an individual who "owns or operates" an
organic farm. Ms. Beck neither owns nor operates an organic farm, but
is a full-time employee of a giant privately-owned agribusiness,
Driscolls, the largest conventional and organic berry producer in the
United States.
"This is a clear-cut violation of OFPA, in which Congress charged the
USDA with protecting organic stakeholders and consumers," explained
Kastel.
Cornucopia’s letter to the OIG also cited direct conflicts of
interest on the board that should have caused certain members to recuse
themselves from voting on carrageenan‘s relisting on the
National List of approved substances in organics.
Ms. Wendy Fulwider, a full-time employee at the CROPP Cooperative
(Organic Valley) and a NOSB member, appropriately disclosed a conflict
of interest. Organic Valley had sent a representative to publicly lobby
the board to approve carrageenan, citing Organic Valley’s use of the
material in soymilk, whipping cream and chocolate milk. In addition,
NOSB members reported direct contact from Organic Valley’s CEO, who had
called them individually to lobby for their vote. And Organic Valley
submitted written comments in advance of the meeting advocating that the
board vote for the synthetic material.
However, the staff at the USDA’s National Organic Program ruled that
Ms. Fulwider’s disclosure did not constitute a conflict of interest that
required her to abstain from voting.
"If the direct economic impact of this vote on Organic Valley, and
their covert and overt lobbying for carrageenan, does not constitute a
conflict of interest, then nothing presented to this board will ever
disqualify a member from voting," lamented Cornucopia's Kastel. "The
fix is in."
At the meeting, Michael Potter, CEO of Clinton, Michigan based Eden
Foods, illustrated that companies do not need to sacrifice foundational
organic values in order to compete in the $30+ billion industry.
Potter, whose company is a respected and leading producer of diversified
organic groceries, pleaded with the NOSB to act as a "gatekeeper" for
the authenticity of organic food. He asked the board to employ the
"Precautionary Principle" and to “always be certain that what they do is
appropriate for organic food.”
Potter, who started his oral testimony by stating for the record that
Eden Foods
is not a member of the Organic Trade Association, told the board,
"Organic food is supposed to be an alternative to industrialized food"
and that he objects to "the greenwashing for more, easy, and cheap to
produce, quasi-organic food." He then poignantly asked the Board:
"Should organic food be better for large corporations, or better for the
people?"
After learning about the scientific research pointing to
carrageenan’s serious human health impacts, Potter committed to removing
carrageenan from the handful of Eden Foods products that currently
contain it. This is in stark contrast to other companies, like Dean
Foods (Horizon and Silk), Organic Valley, and Dannon (Stonyfield), which
all sent representatives to the NOSB meeting to lobby for carrageenan’s
approval in organics.
In addition to carrageenan, the board approved synthetic inositol and
choline, two nutraceuticals, for use in all infant formula. This was a
controversial decision as well, since the FDA only requires that these
synthetic nutrients be added to soy-based infant formula.
"These nutrients are found naturally in dairy-based formula and many
foods. It's a risky gimmick to add their synthetic version to organic
foods, which is the last refuge for parents seeking to avoid chemical
additives and give truly natural food to their infants and children,"
said Cornucopia's Vallaeys.
The Cornucopia Institute has taken the official position that the
NOSB, which is not a scientific panel, should leave decisions about
required food fortification with synthetic nutrients to the FDA. At
last fall’s meeting, the NOSB approved the use of the controversial
synthetic ingredients DHA and ARA, patented by Royal DSM/Martek
Biosciences Corporation, for use in formula and other organic foods.
Neither are recommended or required by the FDA.
"The organic regulations allow any nutrient required by the FDA to be
added to organic food. The NOSB should not be listening to lobbyists
from pharmaceutical companies and trade groups like the International
Formula Council. They should leave scientifically based decisions about
the essentiality of synthetic nutrients to the FDA," said Vallaeys.
"The decision to relist carrageenan, and to allow the synthetic
nutrients choline and inositol for infant formula, prevailed by one
vote," Kastel observed. "There is no doubt that if the board were
legally constituted, with truly independent members instead of corporate
imposters, the decisions would be radically different and the true
values of the organic movement would be upheld."
While The Cornucopia Institute remains bullish on the organic label,
it has published a series of studies and scorecards rating organic
brands, to address the shortcuts some corporations are applying to
organic production. These reports and scorecards empower consumers and
wholesale buyers to make informed purchasing decisions. They can be
found on the Cornucopia
website.
"There is currently no alternative for consumers, who are seeking
safe and nutritious food, other than direct, local marketing by
farmers,” concluded Kastel. "Despite the corporate take-over of
organics, dedicated organic customers are not going to go back to
conventional food. There are just a few of the 300 or so synthetic and
non-organic ingredients approved for use in organic food that are
questionable—and we are going to work like hell to get them out. But in
conventional food, there are thousands of highly toxic inputs, and
there's no doubt about the danger of many of these compounds."
"The integrity of organic farming and food production," noted Kastel, "is worth caring about."